Choline (CDP/Alpha-GPC) · Citicoline / Alpha-GPC
Cholinergic support for cognitive function.
Short answer
Reasonable brain stack ingredient; alpha-GPC is faster acting but stimulating.
Product and dose overview
Choline (CDP/Alpha-GPC) (Citicoline / Alpha-GPC) is a cognitive with evidence grade C, meaning it is backed by mixed or small human trials. We track 0 products containing Choline (CDP/Alpha-GPC). The top-ranked product scores 0 out of 10 on our composite scale (dose, evidence, price, testing, transparency). Prices range up to $0.00 per month.
What it is
Two premium forms of choline that cross into the brain and boost acetylcholine.
Why people take it
Citicoline shows cognitive benefits in older adults and in vascular cognitive impairment.
Our verdict
Reasonable brain stack ingredient; alpha-GPC is faster acting but stimulating.
Structure & class
CDP-choline (citicoline) or α-glycerylphosphorylcholine.
Mechanism & clinical data
Cotroneo 2013 showed citicoline benefits in vascular cognitive impairment.
Pharmacokinetics
Multi-hour.
Dose & forms
What to watch out for
Recent studies raise questions about TMAO from high-dose choline.
Where this dose comes from
The trial dose above is our editorial pick from the published human trials for this ingredient. We choose the dose that the best-available studies used on the endpoint most relevant to longevity. The range shows the lowest and highest doses tested in published trials. The landmark studies below are the papers we read to set it. You can click through and check our work.
When new trials publish, our automated sweeps flag them. If a new study materially changes the dose, we update it through editorial review and record the old dose, new dose, and the triggering study in every affected product's recommendation history. The dose is never changed automatically.
Regulatory status
Timeline
Regulatory events, evidence grade changes, and key research milestones for Choline (CDP/Alpha-GPC), most recent first. Studies link to the paper; regulatory entries name and link the responsible authority.
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EU Court sharpens the bar for botanical health claimsA Court of Justice of the European Union ruling in April 2025 further tightened the requirements for how botanical ingredients (herbs, plant extracts) can be marketed with health claims in the EU, effectively removing much of the flexibility of the on-hold list.
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EU report identifies 117 supplement substances as potential health risksThe HoA Working Group on Food Supplements (26 European countries) published its first report evaluating 117 substances used in food supplements. Of these, 65 were assessed as likely novel foods, 6 were already regulated, 34 had insufficient data, and 12 were prioritized for Article 8 restriction under Regulation (EC) No 1925/2006. The 12 priority substances include ashwagandha, curcumin, melatonin, piperine, St. John's wort, coumarin, p-synephrine, maca, holy basil, Melaleuca, black cohosh, and L-tryptophan. The report drew on 1,500 RASFF alerts reviewed between 2017 and mid-2022.
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EU Health Claims Regulation adoptedRegulation (EC) No 1924/2006 laid down harmonised rules for nutrition and health claims made on foods, including supplements. Only claims listed in the EU Register of authorised claims can be used. Rejected botanical claims are held in a separate on-hold list.
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EU introduces the Novel Food RegulationRegulation (EC) No 258/97 required any food or food ingredient without a history of consumption in the EU before 15 May 1997 to be authorised before being placed on the market. This is the framework that captures NMN, spermidine as a supplement ingredient, urolithin A, and many other longevity actives.
Landmark studies
Found in these products
All products in our catalog that contain Choline (CDP/Alpha-GPC), ranked by our overall score. Ranking is editorial, never paid.
No products in our catalog contain this yet.
Buying guides and comparisons
Related ingredients
See all in Cognitive →Molecules in the same class, plus the actives most often formulated alongside Choline (CDP/Alpha-GPC) in our catalogue.
See Choline (CDP/Alpha-GPC) in context: the mechanism it acts through, the biomarker it moves, the products that dose it, and the trials that tested it.
View Choline (CDP/Alpha-GPC) on the Longevity Map →Frequently asked questions
What is Choline (CDP/Alpha-GPC)?
Two premium forms of choline that cross into the brain and boost acetylcholine.
What dose of Choline (CDP/Alpha-GPC) should I take?
The trial dose in published human studies is 500 mg per day, with a range of 250 to 1000 mg per day. Always consult a qualified clinician before starting any supplement.
Is Choline (CDP/Alpha-GPC) safe?
Recent studies raise questions about TMAO from high-dose choline.
What is the best Choline (CDP/Alpha-GPC) supplement?
We track 0 products containing Choline (CDP/Alpha-GPC). The top-ranked product scores 0 out of 10 on our composite scale, which evaluates dose, evidence, price, third-party testing, and transparency. See the comparison table above. Scores are editorial judgments, not a scientific standard.
What is the evidence grade for Choline (CDP/Alpha-GPC)?
Choline (CDP/Alpha-GPC) has evidence grade C, meaning it is backed by mixed or small human trials. Grade A means replicated human RCTs with hard endpoints. Grade B means human RCTs with biomarker outcomes. Grade C means mixed or small human trials. See our evidence grading methodology.
Data verification
Evidence grades are reviewed when new human RCTs are published. Product counts update automatically as new products are added. Dose ranges reflect published trial data, not brand recommendations. Read how we verify.