Caloric restriction in humans: impact on physiological, psychological, and behavioral outcomes

The researchers reviewed studies of adults who deliberately ate fewer calories without becoming malnourished. Across the studies, people usually lost weight and had improvements in blood pressure, blood sugar control, cholesterol, and some signs of inflammation. Mood and quality of life generally did not worsen, although hunger and thinking about food could increase. The studies varied in length and methods, and many were too short to show whether eating less helps people live longer.

What this means for you: Eating somewhat fewer calories may improve several health measures, but it is not a proven route to a longer life. There is no reason to buy special products, and large calorie cuts may be difficult to maintain or could cause problems without medical guidance.